Fixing LaTeX Compilation Errors

! LaTeX Error: File `missing-package.sty' not found.
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Type of error and description

See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation.
Type  H <return>  for immediate help.
 ...                                              
                                                  
l.5 \usepackage{missing-package}
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Line number and problematic code

? 
^ Prompt for user action (press Enter to continue)

% Error: File `tikz.sty' not found

% Solution 1: Install missing package
% - TeX Live: tlmgr install pgf
% - MiKTeX: Use package manager
% - Manual: Download from CTAN

% Solution 2: Check package name
\usepackage{tikz}     % Correct
\usepackage{TikZ}     % Wrong - case sensitive
\usepackage{tikz-cd}  % Different package

% Solution 3: Update distribution
% Run: tlmgr update --all

% Solution 4: Check TEXMF path
% Ensure custom packages are in path

% Error: \begin{itemize} ended by \end{enumerate}

% Wrong:
\begin{itemize}
\item First item
\item Second item
\end{enumerate}  % Mismatched

% Correct:
\begin{itemize}
\item First item
\item Second item
\end{itemize}

% Common mismatches:
% - equation/align
% - table/tabular
% - figure/center
% - document/article

% Prevention: Use editor matching
% Most editors highlight matching begin/end

% Error: Missing $ inserted

% Problem: Math symbols in text mode
The variable α represents...  % Error
The variable $\alpha$ represents...  % Correct

% Problem: Text in math mode
$the value of x = 5$  % Wrong
$\text{the value of } x = 5$  % Better
The value of $x = 5$  % Best

% Problem: Display math syntax
$$E = mc^2$$  % Deprecated
\[E = mc^2\]  % Correct

% Problem: Nested math modes
$the formula $x^2$ is$  % Error
$\text{the formula } x^2 \text{ is}$  % Correct

% Error: Misplaced \noalign

% Problem: Commands outside table
\begin{tabular}{cc}
\hline  % OK
Content & More \\
\hline  % OK
\caption{Table}  % Error - not allowed
\end{tabular}

% Solution: Use table environment
\begin{table}
\caption{Table}  % Correct placement
\begin{tabular}{cc}
\hline
Content & More \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

% Error: Illegal character in array arg
\begin{tabular}{l|c|r}  % Vertical lines ok
\begin{tabular}{lcr|}   % Error - trailing |
\begin{tabular}{|lcr}   % OK - leading |

% Warning: Reference `fig:missing' undefined

% Problem: Label doesn't exist
See Figure~\ref{fig:missing}  % Warning

% Solutions:
% 1. Add the label
\begin{figure}
\includegraphics{image}
\caption{Caption}
\label{fig:missing}  % Add this
\end{figure}

% 2. Check label spelling
\label{fig:myimage}
\ref{fig:myImage}  % Case sensitive!

% 3. Compile twice
% First run: Collect labels
% Second run: Resolve references

% Prevention: Systematic naming
\label{fig:intro:example}
\label{tab:results:summary}
\label{eq:theory:main}

# Understanding log files

# 1. Find first error
grep -n "^!" main.log | head -1

# 2. Extract error context
sed -n '/^!/,/^$/p' main.log

# 3. Count warnings
grep -c "Warning:" main.log

# 4. Find undefined references
grep "undefined" main.log

# 5. Check overfull boxes
grep "Overfull" main.log | wc -l

% Step 1: Start with problematic document
% Step 2: Remove content until error disappears
% Step 3: Add back until error returns

% MWE template
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{minimal-packages-only}

\begin{document}
% Minimal content that reproduces error
Only include what's necessary to show the problem
\end{document}

% Good MWE example for table error:
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\begin{document}
\begin{tabular}{cc}
\toprule
A & B \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{document}

% Add checks to document preamble

% Check for required packages
\RequirePackage{iftex}
\ifPDFTeX
    \PackageInfo{mydoc}{Using PDFLaTeX}
\else
    \PackageError{mydoc}{Requires PDFLaTeX}{Please compile with pdflatex}
\fi

% Version checks
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}[2020/01/01]

% Compatibility checks
\@ifpackageloaded{hyperref}{}{
    \PackageWarning{mydoc}{hyperref recommended}
}

% Custom sanity checks
\newcommand{\checksetup}{%
    \@ifundefined{mycommand}{
        \PackageError{mydoc}{Setup incomplete}{Run \string\setupmydoc first}
    }{}
}

% Error: TeX capacity exceeded

% Problem: Too many labels/refs
% Solution: Increase memory
% Edit texmf.cnf or set environment:
% export extra_mem_top=10000000

% Problem: Dimension too large
\vspace{100000pt}  % Error
\vspace{100cm}     % OK if fits on page

% Problem: Too deeply nested
% Solution: Restructure document
% Avoid >6 levels of nesting

% Problem: Hash size exceeded
% Too many commands/labels
% Solution: Clean auxiliary files
% rm *.aux *.toc *.lof *.lot

% Common package conflicts and solutions

% hyperref - load last (with exceptions)
\usepackage{graphics}
\usepackage{color}
\usepackage{hyperref}  % Almost always last
\usepackage{cleveref}  % After hyperref

% inputenc vs fontenc order
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}  % First
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}     % Second

% babel conflicts
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage{csquotes}  % After babel

% Math font conflicts
% Don't use multiple math font packages
% \usepackage{mathptmx}
% \usepackage{fourier}  % Conflict!

% Caption and subcaption
\usepackage{caption}
\usepackage{subcaption}  % Must be after caption
% Don't use with subfigure/subfig

#!/bin/bash
# Recover from corrupted auxiliary files

# Clean all generated files
clean_latex() {
    local base="${1%.tex}"
    rm -f "$base".{aux,log,out,toc,lof,lot,bbl,blg,nav,snm,vrb}
    rm -f "$base".{synctex.gz,fdb_latexmk,fls}
}

# Usage
clean_latex main.tex

# Rebuild from scratch
pdflatex main.tex
bibtex main
pdflatex main.tex
pdflatex main.tex

% Document with multiple errors
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
% Missing graphicx package

\begin{document}

\title{Debugging Example}
\autor{John Doe}  % Typo: should be \author
\maketitle

\section{Introduction}
This document has several errors. The equation α = β needs math mode.  % Missing $

\begin{figure}[h]
\includegraphics{nonexistent}  % Missing package and file
\caption{Test}
\label{fig:test
\end{figure}  % Missing }

See Figure \ref{fig:tset}.  % Typo in label

\begin{equaton}  % Typo: should be equation
x^2 + y^2 = z^2
\end{equation}  % Mismatch

\end{document}