% Nested commands
\textbf{\textit{Bold italic text}}
\texttt{\underline{Underlined monospace}}

% Combined declarations
{\bfseries\itshape Bold italic text}
{\ttfamily\bfseries Bold monospace}

{\tiny Tiny text}
{\scriptsize Script size}
{\footnotesize Footnote size}
{\small Small text}
{\normalsize Normal size}
{\large Large text}
{\Large Larger text}
{\LARGE Even larger}
{\huge Huge text}
{\Huge Largest text}

\usepackage{ragged2e}

\justify     % Full justification (default)
\RaggedRight % Better hyphenation than \raggedright
\RaggedLeft  % Better hyphenation than \raggedleft
\Centering   % Better hyphenation than \centering

\usepackage{xcolor}

\textcolor{red}{Red text}
\textcolor{blue}{Blue text}
\textcolor{green}{Green text}

% Background color
\colorbox{yellow}{Highlighted text}
\fcolorbox{red}{yellow}{Framed color box}

% Define custom colors
\definecolor{myblue}{RGB}{0,51,102}
\definecolor{mygreen}{HTML}{00FF00}
\definecolor{mygray}{gray}{0.8}

% Use custom colors
\textcolor{myblue}{Custom blue text}

\textcolor[RGB]{255,99,71}{Tomato}      % RGB values
\textcolor[HTML]{FF6347}{Tomato}        % Hex code
\textcolor[gray]{0.5}{50% gray}         % Grayscale
\textcolor[cmyk]{0,0.61,0.72,0}{Orange} % CMYK

% Fixed spaces
Text\,thin space            % 3/18 em
Text\:medium space          % 4/18 em  
Text\;thick space           % 5/18 em
Text\ normal space          % Regular space
Text\quad quad space        % 1 em
Text\qquad double quad      % 2 em

% Custom spacing
Text\hspace{1cm}more text
Text\hspace*{1cm}forced space

% Rubber spacing
Text\hfill right-aligned
Left\hfill Center\hfill Right

First paragraph.

\vspace{1cm}
Second paragraph with space above.

\smallskip
Small vertical skip.

\medskip
Medium vertical skip.

\bigskip
Large vertical skip.

\vfill
Text pushed to bottom of page.

\usepackage{setspace}

\singlespacing   % Default
\onehalfspacing  % 1.5 line spacing
\doublespacing   % Double spacing

% Or use environment
\begin{spacing}{1.5}
This text has 1.5 line spacing.
\end{spacing}

% Change for whole document
\linespread{1.3}

% Simple boxes
\mbox{Unbreakable text}
\fbox{Framed text}
\framebox[5cm][c]{Centered in 5cm}

% Paragraph boxes
\parbox{4cm}{This is a paragraph
in a 4cm wide box.}

% Minipage environment
\begin{minipage}{0.5\textwidth}
Content in half-width minipage
\end{minipage}

\usepackage{graphicx}

\rotatebox{45}{Rotated text}
\scalebox{2}{Doubled size}
\scalebox{0.5}{Half size}
\reflectbox{Mirrored text}

\usepackage{ulem}

\sout{Strike through}
\uline{Underline}
\uwave{Wavy underline}
\xout{Cross out}
\dashuline{Dashed underline}
\dotuline{Dotted underline}

\usepackage{microtype}  % Improves typography

% Fine-tune settings
\microtypesetup{
    protrusion=true,    % Character protrusion
    expansion=true,     % Font expansion
    kerning=true,       % Kerning
    tracking=true       % Letter spacing
}

\usepackage{lettrine}

\lettrine{T}{his} paragraph starts with
a decorative drop cap.

\lettrine[lines=3,slope=2pt]{O}{nce} upon
a time...

% True small caps with fontspec (XeLaTeX/LuaLaTeX)
\usepackage{fontspec}
\setmainfont[SmallCapsFeatures={Letters=SmallCaps}]{TeX Gyre Termes}

\textsc{Small Capitals}

\usepackage{enumitem}

% Inline enumeration
\begin{enumerate*}[label=(\roman*)]
\item First \item Second \item Third
\end{enumerate*}

% Inline itemize
\begin{itemize*}[label=\textbullet]
\item One \item Two \item Three
\end{itemize*}

\usepackage{enumitem}

\begin{itemize}[label=\textcolor{red}{$\diamond$}]
\item Red diamond bullets
\end{itemize}

\begin{enumerate}[label=\textbf{Step \arabic*.}]
\item Bold step numbering
\end{enumerate}

% Single quotes
`Single quoted text'

% Double quotes
``Double quoted text''

% Nested quotes
``She said, `Hello!' to me.''

% Short quotes
\begin{quote}
This is a short quotation that
gets indented from both margins.
\end{quote}

% Longer quotes
\begin{quotation}
This environment is for longer quotes.
It indents the first line of each
paragraph like normal text.
\end{quotation}

% Verse
\begin{verse}
Roses are red,\\
Violets are blue,\\
LaTeX is great,\\
And so are you!
\end{verse}