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Bibliography failures often come from backend mismatches and build order issues.

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Typical Errors

  • undefined citations
  • empty bibliography
  • Please (re)run Biber
  • I couldn't open database file references.bib

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Fix Workflow

  1. Confirm system: BibTeX or BibLaTeX.
  2. Match backend (bibtex vs biber).
  3. Verify .bib filename and path.
  4. Rebuild in correct sequence.

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Build Sequences

  • BibTeX: LaTeX -> BibTeX -> LaTeX -> LaTeX
  • BibLaTeX: LaTeX -> Biber -> LaTeX -> LaTeX