Mathematical Equations

Building on the math basics, this guide covers advanced equation formatting, multi-line equations, alignment, and professional mathematical typesetting.

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Single Equations

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Basic Display Equations

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Equation Numbering Control

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Multi-line Equations

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Split Environment

For single equations that are too long:

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Multline Environment

For very long single equations:

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Aligned Equations

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Align Environment

The most versatile environment for multiple equations:

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Aligned Within Equation

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Equation Arrays

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Eqnarray (Deprecated)

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Array Environment

For complex layouts:

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Cases and Piecewise Functions

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Cases Environment

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Gathered and Centered Equations

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Advanced Alignment

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Complex Alignment Patterns

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Intertext and Shortintertext

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Boxed and Highlighted Equations

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Equation Spacing

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Manual Spacing in Equations

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How to Turn Off Equation Auto Numbering

Every equation, align and gather environment numbers its output automatically. To remove the number, use the starred form of the environment:

• \begin{equation*} ... \end{equation*} for a single unnumbered equation
• \begin{align*} ... \end{align*} for unnumbered aligned equations
• \[ ... \] for a quick unnumbered display

The starred environments need amsmath, which you almost certainly already load. To suppress the number on one line inside a numbered environment, put \nonumber (or \notag) before the line break: x + y &= z \nonumber \\ To stop numbering for a whole document, load amsmath and use the starred forms throughout — there is no global switch, and redefining the equation counter causes more problems than it solves.

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Best Practices

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Common Patterns

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System of Equations

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Derivations

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Quick Reference

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