\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}

\title{Sample Article with Bibliography}
\author{Your Name}
\date{\today}

\begin{document}
\maketitle

\section{Introduction}
According to \cite{einstein1905}, the theory of special relativity 
revolutionized physics. Later work by \cite{hawking1988} expanded 
our understanding of the universe.

% Bibliography
\bibliographystyle{plain}  % Choose citation style
\bibliography{references}   % Link to .bib file (without extension)

\end{document}

@article{einstein1905,
    author = {Einstein, Albert},
    title = {On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies},
    journal = {Annalen der Physik},
    year = {1905},
    volume = {17},
    pages = {891--921},
    doi = {10.1002/andp.19053221004}
}

@book{hawking1988,
    author = {Hawking, Stephen},
    title = {A Brief History of Time},
    publisher = {Bantam Books},
    year = {1988},
    address = {New York},
    isbn = {978-0553380163}
}

% Basic citation
\cite{einstein1905}                    % Output: [1]

% Multiple citations
\cite{einstein1905,hawking1988}        % Output: [1, 2]

% Citation with page number
\cite[p.~42]{hawking1988}              % Output: [2, p. 42]

% Citation with prefix
\cite[see][]{einstein1905}             % Output: [see 1]

% Citation with prefix and page
\cite[see][p.~15]{einstein1905}        % Output: [see 1, p. 15]

% Textual citations (with natbib package)
\usepackage{natbib}
\citet{einstein1905}                   % Output: Einstein (1905)
\citep{einstein1905}                   % Output: (Einstein, 1905)
\citeauthor{einstein1905}              % Output: Einstein
\citeyear{einstein1905}                % Output: 1905

\usepackage{natbib}

% Choose one of these styles:
\bibliographystyle{plainnat}    % Author-year version of plain
\bibliographystyle{abbrvnat}    % Author-year version of abbrv
\bibliographystyle{unsrtnat}    % Author-year version of unsrt

% Popular journal styles:
\bibliographystyle{apalike}     % APA-like style
\bibliographystyle{chicago}     % Chicago Manual of Style
\bibliographystyle{harvard}     % Harvard citation style
\bibliographystyle{agsm}        % Australian Government Style Manual

% ==========================================
% BOOKS
% ==========================================

@book{knuth1984tex,
    author = {Knuth, Donald E.},
    title = {The {\TeX}book},
    publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
    year = {1984},
    address = {Reading, Massachusetts},
    isbn = {0-201-13447-0},
    keywords = {tex, typography, typesetting}
}

@book{lamport1994latex,
    author = {Lamport, Leslie},
    title = {{\LaTeX}: A Document Preparation System},
    publisher = {Addison-Wesley},
    year = {1994},
    edition = {2nd},
    isbn = {0-201-52983-1},
    keywords = {latex, documentation}
}

% ==========================================
% JOURNAL ARTICLES
% ==========================================

@article{shannon1948mathematical,
    author = {Shannon, Claude E.},
    title = {A Mathematical Theory of Communication},
    journal = {Bell System Technical Journal},
    year = {1948},
    volume = {27},
    number = {3},
    pages = {379--423},
    month = jul,
    doi = {10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x},
    keywords = {information theory, communication}
}

% ==========================================
% CONFERENCE PAPERS
% ==========================================

@inproceedings{turing1950computing,
    author = {Turing, Alan M.},
    title = {Computing Machinery and Intelligence},
    booktitle = {Mind},
    year = {1950},
    volume = {59},
    number = {236},
    pages = {433--460},
    keywords = {artificial intelligence, turing test}
}

% You can use multiple bibliography files
\bibliography{books,articles,conferences}

% Or keep project-specific references separate
\bibliography{general-refs,project-specific-refs}

% Define common strings to ensure consistency
@string{ieee = "IEEE Transactions on"}
@string{acm = "ACM Computing Surveys"}
@string{springer = "Springer-Verlag"}
@string{mit = "MIT Press"}

% Use the strings in entries
@article{example2023,
    author = {Example, Author},
    title = {Example Article},
    journal = ieee # " Software Engineering",  % String concatenation
    year = {2023},
    publisher = springer
}

@book{edited-volume2023,
    editor = {Smith, Jane and Doe, John},
    title = {Advances in Computer Science},
    publisher = {Academic Press},
    year = {2023}
}

@incollection{chapter2023,
    author = {Johnson, Alice},
    title = {Machine Learning Applications},
    pages = {45--67},
    crossref = {edited-volume2023}  % Inherits book details
}

@article{example2023custom,
    author = {Author, Example},
    title = {Article with Custom Fields},
    journal = {Example Journal},
    year = {2023},
    % Standard optional fields
    note = {Forthcoming},
    abstract = {This article discusses...},
    keywords = {keyword1, keyword2, keyword3},
    % URL and access information
    url = {https://example.com/article},
    urldate = {2023-11-28},
    % Modern identifiers
    doi = {10.1234/example.2023},
    eprint = {2301.00000},
    archivePrefix = {arXiv}
}

@article{special-chars2023,
    % Preserving capitalization
    title = {The {NASA} {M}ars {R}over: A Study of {AI} in Space},
    
    % Special characters
    author = {M{\"u}ller, Hans and Garc{\'\i}a, Jos{\'e}},
    
    % Math in titles
    title = {On the $\mathcal{O}(n\log n)$ Complexity of Sorting},
    
    % Preserving spaces and formatting
    title = {The {{\TeX}} and {{\LaTeX}} Companion},
    
    % Corporate authors
    author = {{Microsoft Corporation}},
    
    % Multiple authors with "and others"
    author = {First, A. and Second, B. and Third, C. and others},
    
    journal = {Example Journal},
    year = {2023}
}

# Track your bibliography files
git add references.bib
git commit -m "Add quantum computing references"

# Create backups before major changes
cp references.bib references.bib.backup

# Use meaningful commit messages
git commit -m "Update author names to include middle initials"