Circuit Diagrams and Electronics

\usepackage{circuitikz}     % Complete circuit diagrams
\usepackage{tikz}           % TikZ graphics
\usepackage{siunitx}        % SI units for electronics
\usepackage{steinmetz}      % Phasor notation
\usepackage{units}          % Unit formatting
\usepackage{amsmath}        % Math expressions

\begin{circuitikz}
% Resistor
\draw (0,0) to[R, l=$R_1$] (2,0);

% Capacitor
\draw (0,0) to[C, l=$C_1$] (2,0);

% Inductor
\draw (0,0) to[L, l=$L_1$] (2,0);

% Variable resistor
\draw (0,0) to[vR, l=$R_{var}$] (2,0);

% Potentiometer
\draw (0,0) to[pR, l=$P_1$] (2,0);
\end{circuitikz}

\begin{circuitikz}
% Voltage source
\draw (0,0) to[V, l=$V_s$] (2,0);

% Current source
\draw (0,0) to[I, l=$I_s$] (2,0);

% Battery
\draw (0,0) to[battery, l=$E$] (2,0);

% AC source
\draw (0,0) to[sV, l=$V_{ac}$] (2,0);

% Dependent sources
\draw (0,0) to[cV, l=$k V_x$] (2,0);  % Voltage controlled
\draw (0,0) to[cI, l=$g V_x$] (2,0);  % Current controlled
\end{circuitikz}

\begin{circuitikz}
% Diode
\draw (0,0) to[D, l=$D_1$] (2,0);

% LED
\draw (0,0) to[leDo, l=LED] (2,0);

% Zener diode
\draw (0,0) to[zD, l=$D_z$] (2,0);

% Bipolar transistors
\draw (0,0) node[npn](npn1){Q1};
\draw (0,-2) node[pnp](pnp1){Q2};

% MOSFET
\draw (4,0) node[nmos](mos1){M1};
\draw (4,-2) node[pmos](mos2){M2};

% JFET
\draw (8,0) node[njfet](jfet1){J1};
\end{circuitikz}

\begin{circuitikz}
% Basic op-amp
\draw (0,0) node[op amp](opamp1){};

% With power supplies
\draw (0,-3) node[op amp, yscale=-1](opamp2){}
  (opamp2.up) node[above] {$+V_{CC}$}
  (opamp2.down) node[below] {$-V_{EE}$};

% Inverting amplifier circuit
\draw (0,0) node[op amp](opamp){}
  (opamp.+) to[R, l=$R_2$] ++(0,-2) node[ground]{}
  (opamp.-) to[R, l=$R_1$] ++(-3,0) to[sV, l=$V_{in}$] ++(0,-2) 
    node[ground]{}
  (opamp.-) to[R, l=$R_f$] ++(0,2) -| (opamp.out)
  (opamp.out) to[R, l=$R_L$] ++(2,0) node[ocirc, label=right:$V_{out}$]{};
\end{circuitikz}

\begin{circuitikz}[scale=1.2]
% Power supply
\draw (0,4) to[V, l=$12V$] (0,0)
  (0,4) to[short] (2,4)
  (0,0) node[ground]{};

% Voltage divider
\draw (2,4) to[R, l=$R_1=\SI{10}{k\ohm}$] (2,2)
  to[R, l=$R_2=\SI{5}{k\ohm}$] (2,0)
  (2,0) to[short] (0,0);

% Transistor amplifier
\draw (2,2) to[short] (3,2)
  (3,2) to[R, l=$R_B=\SI{47}{k\ohm}$] (5,2)
  (5,2) node[npn, anchor=base](Q1){Q1}
  (Q1.collector) to[R, l=$R_C=\SI{2.2}{k\ohm}$] (5,4)
  (5,4) to[short] (2,4)
  (Q1.emitter) to[R, l=$R_E=\SI{1}{k\ohm}$] (5,0)
  (5,0) to[short] (2,0);

% Output coupling
\draw (Q1.collector) to[C, l=$C_{out}=\SI{10}{\mu F}$] (7,3)
  to[R, l=$R_L=\SI{8}{\ohm}$] (7,0)
  (7,0) to[short] (5,0)
  (7,3) node[ocirc, label=right:Output]{};

% Input coupling
\draw (3,2) to[C, l=$C_{in}=\SI{1}{\mu F}$] (1,2)
  node[ocirc, label=left:Input]{};
\end{circuitikz}

\begin{circuitikz}
% Basic gates
\draw (0,0) node[and port](and1){};
\draw (0,-2) node[or port](or1){};
\draw (0,-4) node[not port](not1){};
\draw (4,0) node[xor port](xor1){};
\draw (4,-2) node[nand port](nand1){};
\draw (4,-4) node[nor port](nor1){};

% Labels
\draw (and1.out) node[right=5mm] {AND};
\draw (or1.out) node[right=5mm] {OR};
\draw (not1.out) node[right=5mm] {NOT};
\draw (xor1.out) node[right=5mm] {XOR};
\draw (nand1.out) node[right=5mm] {NAND};
\draw (nor1.out) node[right=5mm] {NOR};
\end{circuitikz}

\begin{circuitikz}
% D Flip-flop
\draw (0,0) node[flipflop D](ff1){}
  (ff1.bpin 1) node[left] {D}
  (ff1.bpin 2) node[left] {CLK}
  (ff1.bpin 6) node[right] {Q}
  (ff1.bpin 7) node[right] {$\overline{Q}$};

% JK Flip-flop
\draw (0,-4) node[flipflop JK](ff2){}
  (ff2.bpin 1) node[left] {J}
  (ff2.bpin 2) node[left] {CLK}
  (ff2.bpin 3) node[left] {K}
  (ff2.bpin 6) node[right] {Q}
  (ff2.bpin 7) node[right] {$\overline{Q}$};

% Clock signal
\draw (ff1.bpin 2) to[short] ++(-1,0)
  to[square voltage source, l=CLK] ++(0,-1.5)
  to[short] ++(1,0) to (ff2.bpin 2);
\end{circuitikz}

\begin{circuitikz}
% AC source and impedances
\draw (0,0) to[sV, l=$V_s \angle 0°$] (0,3)
  to[R, l=$R=\SI{50}{\ohm}$] (3,3)
  to[L, l=$L=\SI{10}{mH}$] (6,3)
  to[C, l=$C=\SI{100}{\mu F}$] (6,0)
  to[short] (0,0);

% Phasor diagram
\begin{scope}[shift={(8,1.5)}, scale=1.5]
\draw[->] (0,0) -- (2,0) node[right] {Re};
\draw[->] (0,0) -- (0,2) node[above] {Im};
\draw[->, thick, red] (0,0) -- (1.5,0.8) 
  node[above right] {$V_R$};
\draw[->, thick, blue] (0,0) -- (0.5,1.5) 
  node[above left] {$V_L$};
\draw[->, thick, green] (0,0) -- (0.8,-0.6) 
  node[below right] {$V_C$};
\end{scope}
\end{circuitikz}

\begin{circuitikz}
% Ideal transformer
\draw (0,0) to[L, l=$L_1$] (0,2)
  to[sV, l=$V_1$] (2,2)
  to[short] (2,0)
  to[short] (0,0);
\draw (3,0) to[L, l=$L_2$] (3,2)
  to[R, l=$R_L$] (5,2)
  to[short] (5,0)
  to[short] (3,0);
  
% Coupling
\draw[dashed] (0.5,1) -- (2.5,1);
\node at (1.5,1.2) {$k$};

% Center-tapped transformer
\draw (0,-4) to[L, l=$L_1$] (0,-2)
  to[sV, l=$V_{ac}$] (2,-2)
  to[short] (2,-4)
  to[short] (0,-4);
\draw (3,-4) to[L, l=$L_{2a}$] (3,-3)
  (3,-3) to[L, l=$L_{2b}$] (3,-2)
  to[short] (5,-2)
  to[D] (5,-3)
  to[D] (5,-4)
  to[short] (3,-4);
\draw (3,-3) to[short] (6,-3) node[ground]{};
\end{circuitikz}

\begin{circuitikz}
% Voltmeter
\draw (0,0) to[V, l=V] (2,0);

% Ammeter
\draw (0,-1) to[A, l=A] (2,-1);

% Oscilloscope
\draw (4,0) node[oscilloscope](scope){}
  (scope.in 1) node[left] {CH1}
  (scope.in 2) node[left] {CH2};

% Function generator
\draw (0,-4) node[generator](gen){}
  (gen.out 1) node[right] {OUT}
  (gen.out 2) node[right] {GND};

% Multimeter
\draw (4,-4) node[multimeter](mm){MM}
  (mm.north) node[above] {Digital}
  (mm.south) node[below] {Multimeter};
\end{circuitikz}

% Circuit with node labels
\begin{circuitikz}
\draw (0,0) node[ground]{} 
  to[I, l=$I_s$] (0,2) 
  to[short] (2,2) coordinate(n1)
  to[R, l=$R_1$] (4,2) coordinate(n2)
  to[R, l=$R_2$] (4,0)
  to[short] (0,0);
\draw (n1) to[R, l=$R_3$] ++(0,-2) node[ground]{};
\draw (n2) to[I, l_=$I_o$, i_=$i_o$] ++(2,0) coordinate(n3)
  to[R, l=$R_L$] ++(0,-2) node[ground]{};

% Node labels
\node at (n1) [above] {$v_1$};
\node at (n2) [above] {$v_2$};
\node at (n3) [above] {$v_3$};

% Equations
\node at (2,-3) [align=left] {
Node 1: $\frac{v_1}{R_3} + \frac{v_1-v_2}{R_1} = I_s$ \\
Node 2: $\frac{v_2-v_1}{R_1} + \frac{v_2}{R_2} + \frac{v_2-v_3}{R_L} = 0$
};
\end{circuitikz}

% Basic electrical units
\SI{12}{V}                  % Voltage
\SI{2.5}{A}                 % Current
\SI{100}{\ohm}              % Resistance
\SI{10}{k\ohm}              % Kiloohms
\SI{1}{M\ohm}               % Megohms

% Capacitance and inductance
\SI{100}{\mu F}             % Microfarads
\SI{22}{pF}                 % Picofarads
\SI{10}{mH}                 % Millihenries
\SI{1}{\mu H}               % Microhenries

% Power and energy
\SI{25}{W}                  % Watts
\SI{100}{mW}                % Milliwatts
\SI{3.6}{kW.h}              % Kilowatt-hours

% Frequency
\SI{60}{Hz}                 % Hertz
\SI{1}{kHz}                 % Kilohertz
\SI{2.4}{GHz}               % Gigahertz

% Resistor with tolerance
$R_1 = \SI{4.7}{k\ohm} \pm 5\%$

% Capacitor specifications
$C_1 = \SI{100}{\mu F}, \SI{25}{V}$

% Inductor with core material
$L_1 = \SI{1}{mH}$ (ferrite core)

% Transistor specifications
$\beta = 100$, $V_{CE(sat)} = \SI{0.2}{V}$

% Power ratings
$P_{max} = \SI{1/4}{W}$ at $\SI{25}{°C}$