Text Formatting in LaTeX

% Inline usage
This is {\large important} text.

% Block usage
{\Large
This entire paragraph is in Large size.
All text here maintains the same size.
}

% Environment usage
\begin{large}
Everything in this environment is large.
\end{large}

\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}

% Roman (serif) - default
\textrm{This is Roman text (serif)}

% Sans serif
\textsf{This is Sans Serif text}

% Typewriter (monospace)
\texttt{This is Typewriter text}

% Combining with other formatting
\textsf{\textbf{Bold Sans Serif}}
\texttt{\textit{Italic Typewriter}}

\end{document}

% Make sans serif the default
\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\sfdefault}

% Make typewriter the default
\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\ttdefault}

% Return to roman (default)
\renewcommand{\familydefault}{\rmdefault}

\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}

% Upright (default)
\textup{Upright text}

% Italic
\textit{Italic text}

% Slanted (different from italic)
\textsl{Slanted text}

% Small caps
\textsc{Small Capitals}

% Emphasis (context-aware)
\emph{Emphasized text}

% Nested emphasis
\textit{Italic with \emph{emphasized} text}

\end{document}

% Medium (default)
\textmd{Medium weight text}

% Bold
\textbf{Bold text}

% Bold extended (if available)
{\fontseries{bx}\selectfont Bold Extended}

% Light (if available)
{\fontseries{l}\selectfont Light text}

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\begin{document}

% Basic colors
\textcolor{red}{Red text}
\textcolor{blue}{Blue text}
\textcolor{green}{Green text}

% Define custom colors
\definecolor{myorange}{RGB}{255,96,55}
\definecolor{darkblue}{HTML}{003366}
\definecolor{lightgray}{gray}{0.8}

% Use custom colors
\textcolor{myorange}{LaTeX Cloud Studio orange}
\textcolor{darkblue}{Dark blue text}
\textcolor{lightgray}{Light gray text}

% Background colors
\colorbox{yellow}{Highlighted text}
\colorbox{myorange}{\textcolor{white}{White on orange}}

% Colored box with frame
\fcolorbox{red}{yellow}{Text in box}

\end{document}

% RGB (0-255)
\definecolor{mycolor}{RGB}{255,128,0}

% HTML hex
\definecolor{mycolor}{HTML}{FF8000}

% Gray scale (0-1)
\definecolor{mycolor}{gray}{0.5}

% CMYK (0-1)
\definecolor{mycolor}{cmyk}{0,0.5,1,0}

% HSB (0-360,0-1,0-1)
\definecolor{mycolor}{hsb}{30,1,1}

\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}

% Left aligned (default)
\begin{flushleft}
This text is aligned to the left edge.
Multiple lines maintain left alignment.
\end{flushleft}

% Centered
\begin{center}
This text is centered.\\
Each line is individually centered.
\end{center}

% Right aligned
\begin{flushright}
This text is aligned to the right edge.\\
All lines align to the right margin.
\end{flushright}

% Justified (default for normal text)
This is justified text, which is the default in LaTeX. 
The text is aligned to both left and right margins, 
with spacing adjusted between words.

% Ragged right (unjustified)
\raggedright
This text has a ragged right edge. 
Lines break naturally without justification.

\end{document}

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{ulem}
\begin{document}

% Normal underline
\underline{Simple underline}

% Better underlines with ulem
\uline{Better underline}
\uuline{Double underline}
\uwave{Wavy underline}
\sout{Strikethrough}
\xout{Crossed out}
\dashuline{Dashed underline}
\dotuline{Dotted underline}

\end{document}

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{soul}
\begin{document}

% Highlighting
\hl{Highlighted text}

% Letter spacing
\so{S p a c e d  o u t}

% Caps with spacing
\caps{SPACED CAPITALS}

% Strike out
\st{Struck through text}

% Underline with soul
\ul{Underlined with soul package}

\end{document}

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{tcolorbox}
\begin{document}

% Simple box
\fbox{Text in a box}

% Box with padding
\fbox{\parbox{0.8\textwidth}{
This is a longer text in a box with controlled width.
}}

% Colored boxes with tcolorbox
\begin{tcolorbox}[colback=blue!5,colframe=blue!75!black]
This is text in a fancy colored box.
\end{tcolorbox}

\begin{tcolorbox}[colback=red!5,colframe=red!75!black,title=Warning]
This box has a title and custom colors.
\end{tcolorbox}

\end{document}

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{rotating}
\begin{document}

Normal text \rotatebox{90}{Rotated 90°} more text

\begin{turn}{45}
This entire block is rotated 45 degrees
\end{turn}

% Sideways text
\begin{sideways}
This text appears sideways
\end{sideways}

\end{document}

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\begin{document}

Normal \scalebox{2}{Scaled 2x} text

\scalebox{1.5}[0.5]{Stretched horizontally}

\scalebox{0.5}[1.5]{Stretched vertically}

\resizebox{3cm}{!}{Resized to 3cm width}

\resizebox{!}{1cm}{Resized to 1cm height}

\end{document}

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{xcolor}

% Define custom commands
\newcommand{\keyword}[1]{\textbf{\textcolor{blue}{#1}}}
\newcommand{\important}[1]{\textcolor{red}{\textbf{#1}}}
\newcommand{\code}[1]{\texttt{\colorbox{gray!20}{#1}}}
\newcommand{\term}[1]{\textit{#1}}

\begin{document}

The \keyword{function} keyword declares a new function.

\important{Warning:} This action cannot be undone.

Use the \code{print()} function to display output.

The \term{algorithm} processes data efficiently.

\end{document}

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{babel}

% For XeLaTeX/LuaLaTeX
% \usepackage{fontspec}
% \usepackage{polyglossia}

\begin{document}

% Accented characters
café, naïve, résumé, Zürich

% Special characters
€100, £50, ¥1000, °C, ±5%

% Different languages
\foreignlanguage{spanish}{¡Hola! ¿Cómo estás?}
\foreignlanguage{german}{Größe, Übung, ähnlich}
\foreignlanguage{french}{Château, œuvre, garçon}

\end{document}