Pseudocode in LaTeX: algorithm, algorithmicx, and algpseudocode

To write pseudocode in LaTeX, load algorithm for the numbered float and algpseudocode for commands such as \State, \If, \For, and \Procedure. Put an algorithmic block inside algorithm when you need both formatted steps and a caption.

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Minimal Working Pseudocode Example

The optional [1] after \begin{algorithmic} enables a line number on every line. Remove it when the algorithm should be unnumbered.

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What Each Pseudocode Package Does

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Common Pseudocode Commands

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Numbered Lines and Procedures

The optional number in \begin{algorithmic}[1] controls the line-number interval. Use [1] for every line, [2] for every second line, or omit the option for no line numbers. Use \Procedure for a named block of steps and \Function when the block conceptually returns a value.

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algorithm vs algorithmicx vs algpseudocode

• algorithm is only the outer float; it does not define \State or \If.
• algorithmicx is the framework on which several pseudocode styles are built.
• algpseudocode is the commonly used algorithmicx style that defines the commands shown on this page.
• For most papers and assignments, load algorithm and algpseudocode together.

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Captions, Labels, and Float Placement

Place \caption inside algorithm and add \label immediately after it when you need a cross-reference. Because algorithm is a float, LaTeX may move it to a suitable position. A placement option such as [htbp] expresses a preference; it does not guarantee an exact location. If the publisher controls algorithm styling, start with its class or template before selecting packages. Some journal classes define their own algorithm environment or disallow conflicting packages.

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Alternatives

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Common Errors

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Pseudocode Writing Practices

• Describe the algorithm rather than the syntax of one programming language.
• Use consistent capitalization for commands, variables, and procedure names.
• Keep each \State focused on one logical action.
• Add line numbers when the surrounding text refers to specific steps.
• Use a caption that explains the algorithm’s purpose, not merely “Pseudocode.”

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When to Use This Page vs the Algorithms Guide

Use this page when you specifically need to format pseudocode. Use the broader algorithms guide when you also need complexity notation, graph notation, or other computer-science symbols.

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